Wednesday 18 September 2013

PL-01 Concept

A few days ago, photos and videos of the new polish infantry fighting vehicle stormed the internet. The vehicle i am talking about the PL-01 Concept is 7 meters long and 3,8 meters wide. It weights 30 tons but with additional armor and anti-landmine equipment it's weight grows to 35 tons. The vehicle has a ride height of 480 milimeters and is powered by a 700kW diesel engine. This gives it a top speed of 70 km/h on the roads and 50 km/h offroad. It should be able to cover a distance of 500 kilometers in good conditions or 250 kilometers in harsh offroad.

The default armament can be the 105mm or 120mm gun. The turret is unmanned and has an auto-loader. The loader contains 16 shells, further 45 are in the storage. The gun should be capable of doeing 6 shots per minute. There is also an active defense system and smoke granade launcher.

That would be about the vehicle itself. On the WoT Forums and all other sites that featured the new vehicle always can be found a hot discussion. "poland stronk" or simply [moderated] or similar comments are very frequent. On the other hand there are lots of comments from polish players that are pround because of the project. This causes a massiv flame and the topics are being closed in no time. It's clear to me that the tank is not gonna be included in the game, but it's an interessting construction.
"Poland lego tank". Well it may look stupid but it's very innovative. If you know the B-2 bomber the shapes should be familair to you. The idea of the tank is to remind stealth. That's why the armor is designed to disrupt the radar waves. Other idea is the exhaust gases and gun cooler. On the modern battlefield visible tank is a dead tank and modern fighter aircrafts can easily detect the warmth the tank is producing. I can understand the happines of the polish players as it is by now the only tank fitted with such solutions. But it unfortunalley might not be so polish as they think. The turret is supposed to be created in the cooperation with BAE Systems. Also it is still not clear if the chassis will be taken from the swedisch CV-90 or maybe though from another polish construction the Anders. You may ask, why is Poland developing such tank while everybody is concentrated on MBTs (main battle tank). As you can see in the first line this is not a tank but a fighting vehicle. Poland has some Leopards 2 and PT-91 and their modernisations are the current idea for an MBT i suppose.

With the presentation of PL-01 much people interessted in modern militaries were disgusted. The sooner mentioned Anders is a fully polish projekt, that due to development of the PL-01 has been scrapped. Frankly speaking it was not the only reason. As Poland is a difficult country to live in the other reason was also corruption but this is already a story for another much longer article.

By
Opa_Apo

Saturday 14 September 2013

Thursday 12 September 2013

Pz.Sfl.IVc

Pz.Sfl.IVc
Versuchsflakwagen 8.8 cm Flak auf Sonderfahrgestell

Almost a week ago WG announced the new German tech tree. On tier 5 we can expect the Pz.Sfl.IVc. How weird this tank may look it existed and even fought during World War II.
 
History
Three Pz.Sfl.IVc (or Versuchsflakwagen 8.8 cm Flak auf Sonderfahrgestell) were ordered from Krupp for the purpose of knocking out bunkers in the Maginot Line in France. They would mount a 8,8 cm Flak L/56 gun. When France capitulated in June 1940 the Pz.Sfl.IVc became a self-propelled tank destroyer but was too lightly armed to be used offensively. In June 1942 Krupp proposed a Versuchsflakwagen (experimental anti-aircraft tank) that used the same chassis as the Pz.Sfl.IVc but armed with a 8,8 cm L/71 gun. Orders were placed with Krupp for two of these experimental Flakwagen The chassis were built but the requirement for this tank was cancelled. In 1944, the 8,8 cm FlaK41 was mounted and plans were made to mount the Gerät 042. From 3 to 9 March 1944 the Pz.Sfl.IVc armed with the Flak41 was test driven and fired at a range in Oxbol, Denmark.
One Pz.Sfl.IVc armed with a Flak37 was sent to Italy for field trials with Heeres Flakartillerie-Abteiling 304 assigned to the 26.Panzer-Division.

The Sonderfahrgestell was based on the Pz KpfW IV. The Flakpanzer could lower the superstructure sides to allow 360° traverse of the gun.
With lowered superstructure
 
                 
Pz.Sfl.IVc armed with the FlaK37 L/56 in Italy during field trials
Historical specifications
Manufacturer: Krupp
Crew: 8
Weight: 26 tons
Length/width/height: 7/3/2.8 meters
Engine: Maybach HL90 P (water cooled, 360 HP)
Speed: 35 km/hr
Armament and elevation:           - 8,8cm FlaK37 L/56; -5° to +85°
                                                     - 8,8cm FlaK41 L/74; -5° to +90°
Armour (mm/angle):     Front                    Side                       Rear                      Top/Bottom
Superstructure:             50/30°                  10/0° & 30°           10/24°                    open
Hull:                              50/12°                  20/0°                      20/15°                   10/90°
Gun shield:                   10/10°


In World of Tanks
In WoT it won’t be possible to lower the superstructure so the Pz.Sfl.IVc will have a gigantic silhouette and will be easy to penetrate (if the developers copy the historical armour lay out). The gun traverse will be narrow and not the historical 360° when the superstructure is lowered.
The crew will be reduced from 8 to 6 crew members. And the gun will be a variant of the tier VIII 8,8 cm PaK43/L71 but with worse parameters.
When the testservers for the 8.9 update will be online we will get more details.  (or sooner.... ,-Ilosz)

Wednesday 11 September 2013

World of Forum Bans

Firstly, let me get this one straight out of the closet - you break the rules, you live with the consequences.

However, in almost every country, crimes have prescription. If enough time passes, your crime become void. Irrelevant. And with all due respect to the readers, but when a "fuck" is due, a "fuck" shall be given. Same goes with other words, found inappropriate by forum rules and whatnot. In terms of World of Tanks EU Forums, rules are followed tightly ... whenever seen fit. Sort of a Top Gear's approach to things - ambitions, but rubbish. The reason I'm saying this has nothing to do with Private_Miros or anyone else who got mopped up by the mods, while trying to appeal to have his forum ban revoked. It has to do with me, clearly using bad language, in forum posts ... and yet remaining undetected (so far), by the ever-reaching hands of the likes of BigBadVuk. I guess it's because I've only used foul language in the "Suggestions" sub-forum, where clearly no mod ever reads anything from. Surprised ? I am not ! I used to be a forum moderator for a small MMO game myself once. A tiny, but hyper-active forum community, over what was a Korean export to the western world. And I was doing a helluva good job, keeping in check a daily forum of activities of 200 new posts per day on average, with an active user database of around 10,000 people. Let me tell you a secret now - that sub-forum, where you post your suggestions, is there only to make you feel better. The best case scenario is that the topic links are just forwarded to the developers and it's up to them to decypher it. Or just don't bother and go listen to their native speaking Russian community instead. Or in my case, their Korean speaking community. Still surprised ?

There was an old story my father told me once. I'll try to pas it on to you, using my poor English.

"A man asked an old Muslim Judge:
- How do you make up your mind on judging a crime ?
- I decide according to our country's laws.
- But what if the laws doesn't cover his crimes ?
- Well, then I'll judge him according to the Quran.
- And if the Quran doesn't touches on his doings ?
- Then I'll use my common sense."

I'm using this little story, just to point out the common sense, which seems to lack a lot lately. Maybe I'm a bit hasty here, but follow along and you'll exactly where this is heading to. Like I've said it already - when a "fuck" is due, a "fuck" shall be given. And with all due respect to the average Joe playing this game, but next time I see a topic about "which Tier 10 tank is the best", I'll just go straight out and call you stupid and useless. A waste of oxygen. Why would I do that ? Because firstly, there isn't an end goal in World of Tanks. It doesn't take thousands of games to realize this. Getting a Tier 10 won't make you a better player. Or some sort of Clan-worthy material. Nope, those guys from PTS aren't looking for your E-100 mate. Secondly, a tank is only as good as it's driver. I've seen an E-50M makes 7 kills and carry his team of donkeys to victory, despite that the enemy had a pair of T57 Heavies, a Foch 155 and 3 (!) FV215 183s. And to be honest, I wouldn't even put the E-50M in the Top 10 of Tier 10s if it was up to me. Or when you see the 10th topic on should you buy a VK 30.01 H before 8.8 goes live and are you certainly sure that you'll get a free VK 30.02 M with a 100% crew and a free garage slot ... Honestly, I used to enjoy posting on the forums. That time is gone thou. I start to post less and less and just don't bother with it. Clearly for the better, as I see that I can only get in trouble if I try to "contribute".

In the case of Private_Miros, that whole contribution thing springs even harder in play. Comparing my forum posts to his makes me feel small and useless. Might as well not post at all, like the thousands people we already have in the game, which are daily "shocked" by the 250,000 credits they get. It's hard to check the launcher's news, let alone see the web page or read the forums. Back to Private_Miros thou. We're talking about a guy with well over seven thousands posts, pretty substantial game experience and knowledge. I mean over 17,000 games played. The guy is probably more knowledgeable about the game, then most World of Tanks EU employees. And then this - the biggest "glitch" in the system, is that the guy cussed himself in his last warning, for playing crap lately. Did you get this one thru yet ? He actually didn't offended anyone. I'm sorry, but if a person feels and describes himself as a "fuck", then I guess it's his right to express it. Seems kinda logical if you think about it. If you feel "homophobic" - go ahead, describe yourselves as one. I don't give a damn. If you feel you're a "scrub" - go ahead, who am I to argue. I think it's our right to "label" ourselves anyway we want. We're nerds, gamers, weed-smokers, beer-drinkers, shaggtastic sons and daughters of ... our mothers. Nothing wrong with being a bit of a fuck once in awhile.

Playing bad is not approved by Moderators !
Yes, children eyes are not fit for such words. We should tread lightly when posting and keep that in mind. Or perhaps forums aren't places for children ? With the amount of "trolling" going around, I know for certain, that I will not allow my kids (if I had any), to visit forums and post on them. We often see cases of fragile young minds, to crumble and shatter, when facing the rage of a forum troll. Or any other sort of Internet troll as a matter of fact. I don't want to be going into details, but I'm sure you all have an idea about the subject I'm touching on. In that case, I'm completely certain that forums should not be allowed for people with fragile minds. That I'm afraid, often refers to children. But then, there are those amongst the under-aged, who actually contribute, ask the right questions, give the right answers, benefit knowledge from reading the forums, create video content for the rest of the community or amazing skins that we use in our game ... So where the fuck is this heading to then ?
 
I guess nowhere. I mean, I've heard words far more disturbing from children, making the humble "fuck" used by Private_Miros, to look like its been taken from a 3-years old story book, so there's no excuse to actually apply the foul language rule so strictly. Specially when it doesn't offends anyone in particular. Oh, I'm sure some smart ass troll is going to jump out and point that Private_Miros offended him personally, by stating that Private_Miros played badly and was fucking angry at himself, because you see, he considered Private_Miros to be a better player then him, and if Private_Miros' play is bad, then obviously the troll one is shit. Or just "even worst", if we have to put it mildly. Ex-moderator here ! I'm used to that sort of trolling.

"Thank you Stalin, for the execution of our parents!"
Then come the "Other" and "Unknown" warnings given out with the recent "Historically accurate" re-introduction of the Stalin inscriptions. A lot of people, me included, were opposed to those. Of course that's a whole different subject, which I won't go in details now. But the case is - a lot of people got warnings for ... not sure exactly, but it looked to me like hate towards the Stalin persona. Can I have an infraction for hating Miley Cyrus then ? OK, I don't hate her, just generally dislike her. It seems like Moderators sometimes go ahead of themselves, trying to please their employers. Something's fishy here. Other times localized Moderators quickly "slay" whomever is not writing in their respective sub-forum language with a warning. I've seen that happen over the Balkans sub-forum, on a topic about where is the Bulgarian language and why is not included. I mean, if you look at the Balkans map geographically, you're going to realize where is it immediately. Right there, in the fucking middle of it ! But not according to World of Tanks EU forums. Nowdays, if you post in Bulgarian over the Balkans sub-forum, you'll only get neg-repped to death. Think about that next time you visit your local language sub-forum. Poor Romanians who aren't part of the Balkans geographically, doesn't even have a sub-forum. And it's not like they're a tiny minority in World of Tanks. This isn't coming close to bad forum managing. It's the worst without much contention.

But let's cut the "local affairs" and how a forum should be ran. Fact is, I've used foul language on World of Tanks EU forums at least on 3 occasions, but didn't received any warnings. There are other community members, who have over the magical 10 warnings, which are claimed to be "the perma-ban count", but are still lurking around the forums, posting actively. Double standards ? Yes. I'm pretty sure at some point, once upon time, Private_Miros' profile had a good look from a Moderator, maybe even got bookmarked for further usage. Then occasionally, that profile was checked, seen all posts made by the user and dish out the punishment, if he had been found naughty. How do I know all this ? I'm an ex-moderator who did exactly that. You need about 60 hours per day to read what is being posted, on a forum as populated as the World of Tanks one. You basically can't keep up. So how do you do it ? You pick randomly. Read diagonally thru the most populated area of the forums. You come across someone who broke a rule - you bookmark him and check him once every 3 to 7 days. It's not like you have a quote to make, of infractions and warnings, but you'd like to keep your employers happy. Pretty much everyone that has broken the rules once (and has been detected), has a guaranteed place in the Moderators' "hearts". It's even easier if you're an "old gun", like Private_Miros, who's been around since the Moderators and the general forum popluation was rather low. Easy to pick an eye over a forum with under 10,000 users. I did it for over 2 years and never missed a bit.

WG EU, u mad bro ?
In a completely convenient way, few days after the outrage about the Private_Miros ban, WarGaming EU came up with an interesting post about "Warning points and you". All of a sudden, there was a mention that all "hard fought and well earned" forum warnings, will get removed over time. I'm pretty sure that wasn't there when I've read the forum news right after version 8.7 rolled out. Ah, you see, I actually do read things like Terms and Conditions. Forum rules and such. An interesting read for those that are or were in the business. Maybe they're trying to correct themselves ? I wish that is the case. Don't get me wrong - I love World of Tanks, with all it's stupid randomness and fail match maker. I still love it. As far as the game is concerned, I think they're heading in the right direction. As far as the forums goes thou ... I wish someone could gather all the moderators and remind them what exactly is their job. The amount of trolling and just generally stupid treads we see daily, in just the General area of the English speaking community forum, is insanely huge. Topics get derailed, same question asked and answered about ten times, people posting in the wrong sub-forum, neg-reppers wielding proudly their negative scores and so on and so on. I'll be serious now, but lately I ask myself "why do you bother". Seriously, last night I've spent a good 20 minutes, writing a reply to a topic, a good one, fairly lengthy, explaining a lot of things ... and then I just didn't hit the button. I just sat back, re-read the question of the tread creator and just went "fuck it, not worth it". I was 101% sure that had I posted this reply, I would've gotten 10 more questions from other people, completely derailing the topic. Or trolls, questioning my judgement. Or just blunt idiots who can not read long posts. Having said that - I am getting a bit boring, am I ?

Conclusion ? Whatever Private_Miros did to get up to 10 warnings seems to be lost over the fact on what his last infraction was. On that account alone, I'd go ahead and say that he was a victim of an angry Moderator. Maybe someone spilled his coffee or ate his sandwich. Bad hair day or something. Who cares ? Not me. Do I wish to know about Private_Miros' previous wrong doings ? No. I don't know the guy. I know some of his posts and none of them looked offending to me. I think he had his place in the forums, with his knowledge. But if I was in his shoes right now, seeing as how the forums are turning out, with the everyday influx of "OMG TDs ARE OP !", "Nerf that, Buff this" and whatever else you can come up with, I'd be praying they don't lift my forum ban. Those that know how, and Private_Miros is one of them, know how to keep up with the news much better then most World of Tanks EU employees. Thanks SilentStalker and ForTheRecord ! Those like Private_Miros, also know how to read those news, instead of going around asking random strangers on the forums, if this or that is true or false. I'd say WarGaming EU did the guy a big favor. Turned him into a star that almost rivals the ranks of The Mighty Jingles himself. Too bad it didn't improved the forums.

Tuesday 10 September 2013

Greek Battleship Salamis

In July 1912 the Greek Navy ordered a battleship to counter Ottoman expansion that had begun in 1911 with the ordering of, among other, Reshadieh later HMS Erin. It was designed for service in the Aegean with the following specifications:

Displacement: 13,500t
Dimensions: 458ft, 72ft, 24ft. 
Machinery: 2-shaft turbines, 26,000shp for 21 knots. 
Armour: 10" belt, 10" barbettes & 12" control tower
Armament: 6 x 14"/45 (3 x 2), 8 x 6"/50 (casemates), 8 x 3", 4 x 37mm AA & 2 x 450mm torpedo tubes. 



Caption: The early design. 

The ship was called Salamis, after the Greek naval victory over the Persians in 480 BC. However the Greeks enlarged the design to 16,500t, then the particulars below:

Displacement: 19,500t
Dimensions: 569ft 11" (waterline) by 81ft by 25ft
Machinery: 3-shaft AEG turbines, 18 Yarrow Boilers, 40,000 shp for 23 knots. 
Armour: 9.8"-3.9" belt, 3.1"-1.6" deck, 9.8" barbettes, 9.8" turrets & 11.8" control tower. 
Armament. 8 x 14"/45 (4 x 2), 12 x 6"/50 (casemates), 12 x 3", 5 x 500mm TT.

for the cost of £1,693,000 for a delivery date of March 1915.

Caption: The final design. 

However with the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, the company building the ship, AG Vulcan, stopped work on the 31st December 1914. One of the reasons for this was that the British blockade meant that the guns and armour from Bethlehem Steel of the United States couldn't be delivered (the guns were brought by the British and used on the Abercrombie class monitors). 


After the war the Greek government refused to accept the incomplete ship, which was intact despite the war. This led to a court case: the final verdict was that the Greeks must pay £30,000 (in addition to the £450,000 paid already) and that the ship remained the property of the builder. 

She was scrapped in Bremen in 1932. 


Caption: An artists impression of a completed Salamis in German service. 

[WG] Interview with Slava Makarov: What’s Ahead.


— Slava, what’s your role in WG now and how did you become part of the company?

— I joined Wargaming 4 years ago and I was one of those who initiated World of Tanks. Now I am VP of Producing (Head of Producing Department) of the company (and my boss - Overlord). My major task is to make sure that our new projects reflect the global strategy of the company and satisfy the quality standards of Wargaming. To put it short, I make sure that all our games are cool!

Full Interview can be found on Overlord's Blog:


All About PS Vita TV, Surface 2, and J.J. Abrams (The Verge)

 

Monday 9 September 2013

Sturer Emil

Today we are reviewing Sturer Emil from the upcoming TD line:
Development
Starting in 1939, preliminary designs were conceived for self-propelled guns, known as schwere Betonknacker (heavy concrete busters), which were intended to be used against strong fortifications such as those being constructed by the French. Utilizing a previously designed 12,8 cm Flak gun, the design of the superstucture and gun was assigned to Rheinmetall and design of the chassis was assigned to Henschel.
A 12,8 cm Kanone L61 was to be designed utilizing the Flak gun tube with carriage and recoil cylinders from the 12,8 cm Flak Gerät 40. The gun by itself weighted 7,835 tons. Mounted on a chassis and surrounded by an open top superstucture, traverse was limited to 12 degrees (7 degrees right and 5 degrees left) with an elevation arc from -15 to +10 degrees. A 12,8 cm Sprenggranate L/4.5 mit Rauchentwichler Nr.9 weighing 26 kg was fired at a muzzle velocity of 880 m/s. A 12,8 cm Panzergranate mit Lichtspurhuelse Nr.4 and weighing 26,35 kg (including 190 gram HE filler) was also fired at a muzzle velocity of 880 m/s.
Components designed for the VK 30.01 were to be incorporated into the Versuchs-Fahrgestell (trial chassis) for the Pz.Sfl.V. Details on the components and design considerations were related in the following Henschel report on the „Sfl.V”:

Weight: 36 metric tons, maximum speed 19,6 km/h
Pz-Wanne (armor hull): Special model due to its length and mounting a Rheinmetall-Borsig 12,8 cm gun that is to be dismountable. Armor on the front consisted of 50 mm thick rolled plates, while armor plates on the hull sides were 30mm thick. Superstucture without roof. The hull is longer than the VK 30.01 because of the location of the gun mount, but it is of single piece construction like the VK 30.01.
Gleiskette (tracks): Same as the VK 30.01, but longer.
Motor: Mabach 6 cylinder HL 116, but a special model because the engine is higher than the radiators.
Kuehlung (Cooling): Same as the VK 30.01 but mounted lower. The fan drives are aligned differently, as well as the cooling air path.
Ketten-Antrieb (track drive): Lower gear ratio because of the longer track contact requires increased steering capability
Laufraeder (roadwheels): One whell more (8 total per side) because of a higher total weight than the VK 30.01 Oberbaurat Kniepkamp had concerns that the track would be thrown because of the great length between the last outer roadwheel and the idler wheel. The order for the inner and outer roadwhells was selected so that it results in both ends having 1300mm distance between the track leaving the roadwheel and being supported by the drive sprocket or idler.
Stabfedern (torsion bars): As a backfit modification the last two roadwheels on both sides had stronger torsion bars. This was done to eliminate the vehicle rocking so strongly that the gunner couldn’t observe the target again until after the projectile had already hit.

A crew of five manned this self-propelled gun. As always, the names applied to this project evolved with time, as follows:
  • 12,8 cm Selbstfahrlafette L/61 Pz.Sfl.V (Rheinmetall, 1940)
  • Schwere Betonknacker (In 6, 30Jul1941)
  • Pz.Sfl. fuer 12,8 cm K.40 (Wa Z 4, 14Jan1942)

 

Production

Henschel was awarded a contract by Wa Pruef 6 to complete two Versuchs-Fahrgestell (trial chassis) and Rheinmetall was given a contract by Wa Pruef 4 to complete 4 guns. It was still being designed in 1940. On 25 April 1940 WaJ Rue (WuG 6) reported on the status of new models in development by Wa Pruef 6, including a 13 cm Kan. (Pz.Sfl.) auf Fahrgestell des VK 30.01 weighing about 35 tons. At this time the two Versuchssteueck were planned to be delivered in December 1940. If testing proved these to be suitable, AHA intended to order about 100. As reported in July 1941, the detailed drawings needed for production were available to meet the scheduled delivery of both self-propelled guns in August/September 1941. Finally, both Pz.Sfl. fuer 12,8 cm K.40 were assembled and tested by Rheinmetall-Borsig in early 1942.

It is possible, that the in-game stats will look something similar like this:
As you see the Guns have high RoF, this is because without this quality, the tank will be only an oversized Dickermax with the same Guns. Accuracy and Aim time stays quite low. Note that this tank is Open-Topped, also has 2 gunner. Penetration is over all Tier 7s and can compete with Tier 8 TDs, in both Penetration and Avg. Dmg.(Of course OP ISU-152  lefts everything behind)

Mobility is fairly low, because of weak engines and way too big size(Actually it is bigger, than Porsches’s Ferdinand), this gives 8,15 hp/t with the historical 320 HP engine.

This is for the first Part

Perfect Harmony between Next-Generation Sony Consoles

Now we only miss World Of tanks from these Devices, What is your Opinion?

Sunday 8 September 2013

Pictures Of The Day



World of Warships: Overview

 
As quite a few of you will know, World of Warships is the 3rd game in the "World of" series by WarGaming.net.


The game is currently is in the last stage before Alpha testing: this means you can't download it so don't go creating threads on the forums, people get very annoyed.

However this doesn't mean we know nothing about the game. We know a fair bit, and it has all been assembled in one place (except for the Russian answers, because nobody speaks Russian). For this amazing resource thanks must go to triptyx.



This resource will answer quite a few of your questions. Don't just go on the forums and ask a question that has been answered before (they don't like that either). Read the FAQ and the wikia before you go on and the chances are the forum will take a shine to you. Hopefully.

Alpha is due to start this quarter, and they are 95% certain that it will be in Open Beta by Gamescon 2014.


If you want anything specific covered in the next article or just have a question, feel free to PM me (mr3awsome)

Railway Guns

Our First Post will feature

Railway Guns

As always credit where credit is due, to Nick Catford for his work on mounted railway guns in Southern England, Vince Lewis for his work on Dora and Gustav, JR Potts for his work on the K9 series of guns and various wikipedia pages.

The origination of the idea behind this falls into two camps, English and Russian. Both Anderson and Lebedew published the same idea around 1860 with Lebedew reportedly producing the first mortar mounted on a railway car shortly after. The American Confederate Army seems to have been the first to use this new weapon in action when they bolted a 32 pound Brook naval rifle to a flat car in action leading up the the battle of fair Oaks.
"An American Civil  War railway gun"
The Union army was soon to follow suit and in 1864 used similar weapons in the siege of Petersburg, the most famous being Dictator, a thirteen inch mortar firing 218 pound shells over 2 and a half miles/4 kilometres.
Few advances were made immediately after this with minor experimentation which started to gather pace after the turn of the century particularly in France and to a lesser degree in England. In France guns originally designated for warships were mounted in railway carriages and those deployed covered a wider range of calibres from 320mm, 200mm and down to 155mm. Early in the 1900's the German companies Krupp and Skoda started experimenting developing these weapons and by the beginning of the war  were building mammoth siege guns, two of the more famous being namely Big (420mm) and Skinny (305mm) Bertha.
Other contemporaries of that time were the famous Paris gun which could launch a shell seventy six, yes 76, miles against the nine mile range of Big Bertha. Though great on range the Paris gun was considerably lower calibre, being just 220mm and an accuracy that was as poor as its range was great. If it got a shell to land within half a mile of the aiming point it was thought a good shot.
 

The Paris Gun

Both sides used these weapons widely during WWI. The Germans notably at at the February 1916 offensive, the French at Verdun and to support the retaking of Fort Douaumont. At the third Ypres battle the British used fourteen inch railway guns named Boche-Buster and Scene-Shifter. The Americans joined in the act after their entry into the war deploying 14 inch naval guns, the Plunkett guns with a range of 24 miles which were used to attack supply and logistic bases and harass German troop movements.
 
After WWI development in Britain of railway guns stopped, with many gun carriages and barrels  being moth balled, as it would turn out luckily. By the late 1920's and early 1930 Krupp started developing the K5 series of guns. These had an effective range of 40 miles, were extremely accurate due to the rifle barrels, fired a 255kg shell from a 288mm gun. These guns were used extensively in WWII, from July 1940 taking part in coastal bombardments of the English Channel coast line, at the Battle of Anzio in 1944 when they were named Anzio Annie and Anzio Express by the allied soldiers due the express train sound the shells made in passing and extensively on the eastern front.
Russian use of railway guns seems limited. Three 12 inch (305mm) railway guns were built, using guns from the sunken battleship Imperatritsa Mariya, which had been lost to a magazine explosion in Sevastopol harbour in October 1916. They were used in the Soviet-Finnish war in 1939-1940. In 1941 they took part in the defence of the Soviet naval base on Finland's Hanko peninsula. They were disabled when the base was evacuated, and were later restored by Finnish specialists using guns from the withdrawn Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr III. After the war these were handed over to the Soviet Union, and they were maintained in operational condition until 1991, and withdrawn in 1999. When withdrawn from service, they were the last battleship - calibre Obukhov pieces still operational in the world.
At the start of WWII Britain was short of large calibre guns and quickly found those pieces that had been put into storage after WWI. Boche-Buster was found in a transport shed at Ruddington covered in cobwebs when the doors were opened for the first time since the 1920s. The Elham Valley Railway was quickly made ready for the arrival of HMG Boche-Buster. The meandering line allowed it to sweep virtually the complete south-eastern corner of Kent, thus effectively enabling it to bombard any invasion force. Capable of hurling a 6 ft shell weighing 1 tons some 12 miles,  Boche-Buster was a high-angle Howitzer with an elevation of 40° but with a traverse of only 2°. Although never fired in anger several test firings caused considerable damage to local housing including bringing down ceilings in houses several miles away in Kingston and Barham.
"HMG Boche-Buster waits outside the south portal of Bourne Park tunnel."
The two largest railway guns ever completed were Gustav and Dora. Each of 800mm (31 ½ inch)  calibre firing a seven ton shell from a barrel over 30 meters long. The design criteria for these guns was set out to that the shell had to penetrate seven meters of steel reinforced concrete or at least one meter of hardened armour plate, over a range of twenty-five miles.
The scope and size of these guns was enormous. Each one standing fifty feet high, twenty feet wide, one hundred and forty feet long and weighing 1323 tons.

Gustav/Dora

The actual range achieved by Dora was 51,000 yards - twenty-nine miles.  She had a crew of two hundred and fifty for the actual firing and a crew of two thousand for full operation, including loaders, train drivers, assembly workers, canteen workers, armed guards, mechanics, electricians and track maintenance.  The complete equipment package for Dora was five trains totalling 106 carriages.
The size and weight of the shells including the one ton powder charge was seven tonnes and seventeen feet this restricting the rate of fire to two rounds per hour maximum. The effectiveness was colossal, penetrating thirty feet into the earth and making a crater over 90 feet across. The life span of the barrel was not colossal, limited to between 50 – 150 rounds.
The guns were used in action in 1942 at the siege of Sevastopol where conflicting reports on the usefulness of these guns range from no effect at all to one of detailed destruction where Fort Molotov was destroyed with seven shots on June 6th, nine rounds were fired at The White Cliffs Of Severnaya Bay and a lucky shot hit an underground ammunition store and the whole Fort was completely destroyed. One of the shots missed the target and sunk a large ship in the harbour, the shell burst must have been absolutely devastating. Some days later when Fort Siberia was hit with five shots and destroyed as was Fort Maxim Gorki.  As many other large mortar and siege guns were in use at the time these accounts may be more propaganda than accurate we will never surely know but total effect of all of this firepower was overwhelming. .
After this action both guns were shipped back to Germany to have the barrels replaced and neither saw any real action afterwards. Both guns were destroyed towards the end of the war by the retreating Germans.
 
The rise in air power put an end to these engineering marvels, a few still exist, with Anzio Annie and Anzio Express captured and transported to USA after the war and Britain retaining a 200 tonne L1 example which recently visited the Netherlands to mark the Treaty of Utrecht.
 
 
 
 


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